IFBs are most common in construction and supply contracts where specifications are precise and measurable. The sealed bidding process ensures fairness — all bids are opened simultaneously, and the lowest price wins as long as the bidder is responsive (meets all requirements) and responsible (capable of performing).
A state DOT issues an IFB for highway resurfacing on a 5-mile stretch. Contractors submit sealed bids. At the bid opening, all bids are read aloud and the lowest responsive bid receives the award.
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