IFB (Invitation for Bid)

An Invitation for Bid (IFB) is a sealed bidding solicitation where the award goes to the lowest responsive, responsible bidder. Bids are opened publicly at a specified time and the lowest price that meets all requirements wins.

How It Works

IFBs are most common in construction and supply contracts where specifications are precise and measurable. The sealed bidding process ensures fairness — all bids are opened simultaneously, and the lowest price wins as long as the bidder is responsive (meets all requirements) and responsible (capable of performing).

Example

A state DOT issues an IFB for highway resurfacing on a 5-mile stretch. Contractors submit sealed bids. At the bid opening, all bids are read aloud and the lowest responsive bid receives the award.

Related Terms

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